原標(biāo)題：哈佛大學(xué)下架人皮書(shū) 該書(shū)充滿(mǎn)了道德?tīng)?zhēng)議

　　你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)人皮竟然還能用來(lái)裝訂書(shū)籍？！

　　近日，哈佛大學(xué)從其圖書(shū)館收藏的一本19世紀(jì)書(shū)籍中移除了人皮裝訂。

　　《Des Destinées de l'Ame》（《靈魂的命運(yùn)》）自 20 世紀(jì) 30 年代以來(lái)一直收藏在霍頓圖書(shū)館。2014 年，科學(xué)家確定該書(shū)的裝訂材料實(shí)際上是人類(lèi)的皮膚。

　　Harvard University has removed the binding of human skin from a 19th Century book kept in its library.

　　Des Destinées de l'Ame (Destinies of the Soul) has been housed at Houghton Library since the 1930s.

　　In 2014, scientists determined that the material it was bound with was in fact human skin.

　　《Des Destinées de l'Ame》是阿爾塞納-胡薩耶（Arsène Houssaye）在 1880 年代中期寫(xiě)的一本關(guān)于靈魂和死后生活的沉思錄。

　　據(jù)說(shuō)，他將這本書(shū)交給了他的朋友、醫(yī)生路德維克-布蘭德（Ludovic Bouland）博士，后者隨后用一位無(wú)人認(rèn)領(lǐng)、自然死亡的女病人身上的皮膚裝訂了這本書(shū)。

　　Des Destinées de l'Ame is a meditation on the soul and life after death, written by Arsène Houssaye in the mid-1880s.

　　He is said to have given it to his friend, Dr Ludovic Bouland, a doctor, who then reportedly bound the book with skin from the body of an unclaimed female patient who had died of natural causes.

　　小編真是瑟瑟發(fā)抖

　　幸好哈佛大學(xué)已經(jīng)決定進(jìn)行移除

　　哈佛大學(xué)解釋到："經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)研究、利益相關(guān)者的參與和考慮，哈佛圖書(shū)館和哈佛博物館藏品歸還委員會(huì)得出結(jié)論，由于該書(shū)的起源和后來(lái)的歷史充滿(mǎn)了道德?tīng)?zhēng)議，因此該書(shū)裝訂中使用的人體遺骸不再屬于哈佛圖書(shū)館的藏品。

　　Harvard University explained its decision to remove the binding, saying: "After careful study, stakeholder engagement, and consideration, Harvard Library and the Harvard Museum Collections Returns Committee concluded that the human remains used in the book's binding no longer belong in the Harvard Library collections, due to the ethically fraught nature of the book's origins and subsequent history."

　　用人皮裝訂書(shū)籍的做法早在 16 世紀(jì)就有報(bào)道，被稱(chēng)為 "anthropodermic bibliopegy"。19 世紀(jì)有許多關(guān)于將被處決的罪犯尸體捐獻(xiàn)給科學(xué)界的報(bào)道，這些尸體的皮膚后來(lái)被送給了書(shū)籍裝訂者。

　　西蒙-查普林（Simon Chaplin）曾在2014年擔(dān)任惠康圖書(shū)館（Wellcome Library）館長(zhǎng)，該圖書(shū)館藏有醫(yī)學(xué)史方面的書(shū)籍： "這些書(shū)的數(shù)量并不多，只是偶爾為之，主要是為了產(chǎn)生一種代入感，而非實(shí)際動(dòng)機(jī)。

　　"一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種做法似乎是在19世紀(jì)，由那些有機(jī)會(huì)解剖人體的醫(yī)生所為"。

　　The practice of binding books in human skin - termed anthropodermic bibliopegy - has been reported since as early as the 16th Century.

　　Numerous 19th Century accounts exist of the bodies of executed criminals being donated to science, with their skins later given to bookbinders.

　　Simon Chaplin, who in 2014 was head of the Wellcome Library, which holds books on medical history, told the BBC at the time: "There are not a huge number of these books out there, it has been an occasional practice mainly done for generating a sense of vicarious excitement than for a practical motive.

　　"It generally seems to have been done in the 19th Century by doctors who had access to human bodies for dissection."

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